According to Architecture 2030, the built environment generates 40 percent of annual global CO₂ emissions with at least 13 percent stemming from construction activity and materials. Embodied carbon refers to the Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions from the extraction, manufacture, transport, and disposal of materials. The upfront emissions are locked in at the time of building construction, and unlike energy efficiency, cannot be changed or significantly reduced over time. Without considerable intervention, the portion of global emissions due to construction materials will continue to increase with demand for new buildings to accommodate population growth, need for replacement of aging infrastructure, and a decrease in the relative proportion of operational emissions due to an increase in renewables and energy efficient technologies (Carbon Leadership Forum, 2020).